Динамика отношения к миграции в России (по данным Европейского социального исследования за 2006–2016 гг.)
Выражение признательности
Грант РФФИ. Проект № 18-011-00999 «Структура ценностейвзглядов и нормат. установокобраз жизни и поведение россиян в первые 20 лет XXI века – Седьмая волна Рос. соц.исслед. по Программе междунар. сравнительного исслед. European Social Survey – ESS»
Для цитирования
Мастикова Н. С. Динамика отношения к миграции в России (по данным Европейского социального исследования за 2006–2016 гг.). — Социологическая наука и социальная практика, 2019. Т. 7. № 2. С. 99-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.2.6412
Аннотация
Исследования отношения к миграции в России свидетельствуют о негативном настрое принимающего населения в отношении мигрантов и последствий их пребывания. Несмотря на то, что есть работы, выполненные на отдельных волнах Европейского социального исследования (ESS), открытым остаётся вопрос, какова динамика отношения к миграции в России и с чем связано негативное отношение. Обзор работ, посвящённых причинам негативного отношения к мигрантам в динамике лет, показал, что в большинстве исследований наиболее важным считается экономический фактор. Более выражено негативное отношение в странах с большой долей мигрантов в населении, с большим уровнем безработицы в стране.В статье на основе данных пяти волн ESS (2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2016 гг.) рассматривается отношение россиян к миграции в динамике за 10 лет. По данным 2016 г., заметен рост негативных оценок по рассматриваемым переменным, характеризующим отношение к переезду мигрантов в страну респондента и оценку изменений, которые привносят мигранты. С помощью регрессии с фиктивными переменными проводится попытка определения факторов, влияющих на отношение россиян к мигрантам. Построено несколько моделей, включающих экономические, культурные, контекстные, социально-демографические факторы и фактор человеческого капитала; кроме того, все модели включали переменную года исследования, учитывающую эффект периода. Выявлено, что ни одна из построенных моделей не объясняет отношение россиян к мигрантам в динамике лет в России, коэффициент детерминации во всех вариантах построенных моделей не превышал 1%. Обосновывается вывод об ограничениях базы данных для выявления факторов, влияющих на отношение россиян к мигрантам в динамике лет. Ограничения, в частности, связаны с тем, что многие интересующие нас переменные не повторяются во всех волнах ESS, что не даёт возможности изучить их в динамике. Обсуждается потенциал качественных методов как возможного варианта дальнейшего изучения темы.
Ключевые слова:
Европейское социальное исследование, мигранты, динамика, факторы влияния, отношение к мигрантам, регрессия с фиктивными переменными
Литература
Мастикова Н. С. Изменения, привносимые мигрантами, и их оценка россиянами (по данным Европейского социального исследования) // Общественные науки и современность. 2019. № 2. С. 160–169.
Международная миграция [Электронный ресурс] // Федеральная служба государственной статистики. 2016. URL: http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/migr2.xls (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
Мукомель В. И. Ксенофобы и их антиподы, кто они? // Мир России. 2017. Т. 26. № 1. C. 32–57.
Adorno T. W. The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Harper, 1950.
Allport G. The Nature of Prejudice. Garden City, New York: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1958. P. 299–308.
Avdiu B. The Effect of Attitudes toward Migrants on Migrant Skill Composition [Электронный ресурс] // Researchgate. 2018. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323556884_The_Effect_ of_Attitudes_toward_Migrants_on_Migrant_Skill_Composition (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
Bahry D. Opposition to Immigration, Economic Insecurity and Individual Values: Evidence from Russia // Europe-Asia Studies. 2016. Vol. 68. № 5. P. 893–916. DOI: 10.1080/09668136.2016.1178710.
Barcelo J. Attitudes toward immigrants and immigration policy in Asia and the Pacific: a quantitative assessment of current theoretical models beyond western countries // Asian Journal of Political Science. 2016. Vol. 24. № 1. P. 87–123.
Bessudnov A. Ethic Hierarchy and public attitudes towards immigrants in Russia // European Sociological Review. 2015. Vol. 32. № 5. P. 567–580. DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcw002.
Blalock H. M. Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1967. 227 p.
Blumer H. Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position // Pacific Sociological Review. 1958. Vol. 1. № 1. P. 3–7.
Bohman A. Anti-Immigrant Attitudes in Context: The Role of Rhetoric, Religion and Political Representation. Akademisk avhandling, Umeå: Department of Sociology, Umeå universitet. 2014. P. 1–35.
Brenner J., Fertig M. Identifying the Determinants of Attitudes towards Immigrants: A Structural Cross-Country Analysis, IZA Discussion Papers. № 2306, Institute for the Study of Labor. 2006. P. 1–33.
Campbell D. T. Ethnocentric and other altruistic motives. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln. 1965. P. 283–311.
Card D., Dustmann C., Preston I. Understanding Attitudes to Immigration: The Migration and Minority Module of the First European Social Survey [Электронный ресурс] // Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration. 2005. URL: http://davidcard.berkeley.edu/papers/euroimmig.pdf (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
Castles S., Miller M. J. The age of migration: international population movements in the modern world. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. 2003. 369 p.
Citrin J., Green D. P., Muste C., Wong C. Public opinion toward immigration reform: the role of economic motivations // Journal of Politics. 1997. Pp. 858–881.
Coenders M., Lubbers M., Scheepers P. Support for repatriation policies of migrants // International Journal of Comparative Sociology. 2008. Vol. 49. № 2–3. P. 175–194.
Coenders M., Lubbers M., Scheepers P. Majority populations attitudes towards migrants and minorities. Report 1 for the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen. 2003. P. 1–46.
Constant A. F., Kahanec M., Zimmermann K. F. Attitudes Towards Immigrants, other Integration Barriers and their Veracity // International Journal of Manpower. 2009. Vol. 30. № 1–2. P. 5–14.
Coser L. A. The functions of social conflict. Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd., London. 1956. P. 188.
Dajnoki K., Máté D., Fenyves V., Kun A. I. Deconstructing Attitudes towards Immigrant Workers among Hungarian Employees and Higher Education Students // Sustainability. 2017, Vol. 9. № 1639. P. 1–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091639.
Davidov E., Meuleman B. Explaining attitudes towards immigration policies in European countries: The role of human values // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2012. Vol. 38. № 5. P. 757–775.
Facchini G., Mayda A. From individual attitudes towards migrants to migration policy outcomes: theory and evidence // Economic Policy. 2008. Vol. 23. P. 651–713.
Facchini G., Mayda A. Does the Welfare State Affect Individual Attitudes toward Immigrants? Evidence across Countries. Review of Economics and Statistics. 2009. Vol. 91. № 2. P. 295–314.
Brenner J., Fertig M. Identifying the Determinants of Attitudes Towards Immigrants: A Structural Cross-Country Analysis [Электронный ресурс] // SSRN. 2006. URL: https://ssrn.com/ abstract=933036 (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
Gang I. N., Rivera-Batiz F. L., Yun M. Economic Strain, Ethnic Concentration and Attitudes Towards Foreigners in the European Union, IZA Discussion paper series. No. 578. Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn. 2002. P. 1–40.
Gorinas C., Pytlikova M. The Influence of Attitudes toward Immigrants on International Migration // International Migration Review, 2017. Vol. 51. Issue 2. P. 416–451.
Gorodzeisky A., Glikman A., Maskileyson D. The nature of anti-immigrant sentiment in post-socialist Russia // Post-Soviet Affairs. 2014. Vol. 31. P. 115–135.
Grigoryan L., Ponizovskiy V. The three facets of National Identity: Identity Dynamics and Attitudes toward Immigrants in Russia [Электронный ресурс] // Sage. 2018. P. 1–25. URL: https://doi. org/10.1177/0020715218806037 (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
Hainmueller J., Hiscox M. J. Educated Preferences: Explaining Individual Attitudes Toward Immigration in Europe. International Organization. 2007. Vol. 61. № 2. P. 339–442.
Heath A., Richards L. How do Europeans differ in their attitudes to immigration? [Электронный ресурс] // European Social Survey. 2016. URL: https://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/docs/about/ conference/HEATH_FORD_how-do-Europeans-differ.pdf (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
Hjerm M. Anti-immigrant attitudes and cross-municipal variation in the proportion of immigrants // Acta Sociologica, 2009. Vol. 52. № 1. P. 47–62.
Hooghe M., Trappers A., Meuleman B., Reeskens T. Migration to European countries. A structural explanation of patterns, 1980–2004 // International Migration Review. 2008. Vol. 42. № 2. P. 476–504.
Kosho J. Media Inf luence on Public Opinion Attitudes Toward the Migration Crisis // International Journal of scientific & Technology Research. 2016. Vol. 5. Issue 05. P. 86–91.
Malchow-Moeller N., Munch J. R., Schroll S., Skaksen R. J. Attitudes towards immigration: does economic self-interest matter? IZA Discussion Papers. 2006. № 2283. Р. 371–390.
Markaki Y., Longhi S. What Determines Attitudes to Immigration in European Countries? An Analysis at the Regional Level // Migration Studies. 2013. Vol. 1. № 3. P. 311–337.
Mayda A. M. Who is against Immigration? A Cross-Country Investigation of Individual Attitudes toward Immigrants // Review of Economics and Statistics. 2006. Vol. 88. № 3. P. 510–530.
Meuleman B., Davidov E., Billiet J. Changing Attitudes Toward Immigration in Europe, 2002–2007. A Dynamic Group Conflict Theory Approach // Social Science Research. 2009. Vol. 38. № 2. P. 352–365.
Muller T., Tai S. Individual Attitudes toward Migration: A Re-examination of the Evidence [Электронный ресурс] // WTO. 2010. URL: https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/gtdw_e/ wkshop10_e/tai_e.pdf (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
O’Rourke K. H., Sinnott R. The Determinants of Individual Attitudes Towards Immigration // European Journal of Political Economy. 2006. Vol. 22. № 4. P. 838–861.
OECD publishing. International Migration Outlook [Электронный ресурс] // OECD. 2016. URL: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/international-migration-outlook-2017/ trends-in-migration-flows-2016_migr_outlook-2017-table24-en#page1 (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
Olzak S. Dynamics of ethnic competition and conflict. Stanford University Libraries, Stanford. 1992. P. 288.
Ponizovskiy V. A. Values and Attitudes Towards Immigrants: Cross-cultural Differences Across 25 Countries // Психология. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2016. Т. 13. № 2. С. 256–272. DOI: 10.17323/1813-8918-2016-2-256-272.
Quillian L. Prejudice as a Response to Perceived Group Threat, Population Composition and AntiImmigrant and Racial Prejudice in Europe // American Sociological Review. 1995. № 4. P. 586–611.
Ramos A., Pereira C., Vala J. Economic crisis, human values and attitudes towards immigration // Values, economic crisis and democracy, Abingdon: Routledge. 2016. P. 1–137.
Rustenbach E. Sources of negative attitudes toward immigrants in Europe: A multi-level analysis. International Migration Review. 2010. Vol. 44. № 1. P. 53–77.
Sagiv L., Schwartz S. H. Value priorities and readiness for out-group social contact. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1995. Vol. 69. No 3. P. 437–448.
Scheepers P., Gijsberts M., Coenders M. Ethnic Exclusionism in European Countries. Public Opposition to Civil Rights for Legal Migrants as a Response to Perceived Ethnic Threat // European Sociological Review. 2002. Vol. 18. № 1. P. 17–34.
Scheve K. F., Slaughter M. J. Labor Market Competition and Individual Preferences over Immigration Policy // Review of Economics and Statistics. 2001. Vol. 83. № 1. P. 133–145.
Schneider S. L. Anti-immigrant attitudes in Europe: Outgroup size and perceived ethnic threat // European Sociological Review. 2008. Vol. 24. № 1. P. 53–67.
Schwartz S. H., Bilsky W. Toward a Theory of the Universal Content and Structure of Values: Extensions and Cross-Cultural Replications // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1990. Vol. 58. P. 878–891.
Semyonov M., Raijman R., Gorodzeisky A. The Rise of Anti- Foreigner Sentiment in European Societies, 1988–2000 // American Sociological Review. 2006. Vol. 71. № 3. P. 426–449.
Semyonov M., Raijman R., Gorodzeisky A. Foreigners’ impact on European societies // International Journal of Comparative Sociology. 2008. Vol. 49. № 1. P. 5–20.
Sides J., Citrin J. European opinion about immigration: The role of identities, interests and information // British Journal of Political Science. 2007. Vol. 37. № 3. P. 477–504.
Slotte N. Political Influence and Anti-Immigrant Attitudes [Электронный ресурс] // Gupea. 2015. URL: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/41187/1/gupea_2077_41187_1.pdf (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
Strabac Z., Listhaug O. Anti-Muslim prejudice in Europe: a multi-level analysis of survey data from 30 countries // Social Science Research. 2008. Vol. 37. P. 268–286.
Turner T. Why are Irish Attitudes to Immigrants among the Most Liberal in Europe? // European Societies. 2010. Vol. 12. № 1. P. 25–44.
Voicu M., Mochmann I. C., Dulmer H. Values: Economic Crisis and Democracy. Oxford and New York: Routledge. 2016. 318 p.
Международная миграция [Электронный ресурс] // Федеральная служба государственной статистики. 2016. URL: http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/migr2.xls (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
Мукомель В. И. Ксенофобы и их антиподы, кто они? // Мир России. 2017. Т. 26. № 1. C. 32–57.
Adorno T. W. The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Harper, 1950.
Allport G. The Nature of Prejudice. Garden City, New York: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1958. P. 299–308.
Avdiu B. The Effect of Attitudes toward Migrants on Migrant Skill Composition [Электронный ресурс] // Researchgate. 2018. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323556884_The_Effect_ of_Attitudes_toward_Migrants_on_Migrant_Skill_Composition (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
Bahry D. Opposition to Immigration, Economic Insecurity and Individual Values: Evidence from Russia // Europe-Asia Studies. 2016. Vol. 68. № 5. P. 893–916. DOI: 10.1080/09668136.2016.1178710.
Barcelo J. Attitudes toward immigrants and immigration policy in Asia and the Pacific: a quantitative assessment of current theoretical models beyond western countries // Asian Journal of Political Science. 2016. Vol. 24. № 1. P. 87–123.
Bessudnov A. Ethic Hierarchy and public attitudes towards immigrants in Russia // European Sociological Review. 2015. Vol. 32. № 5. P. 567–580. DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcw002.
Blalock H. M. Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1967. 227 p.
Blumer H. Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position // Pacific Sociological Review. 1958. Vol. 1. № 1. P. 3–7.
Bohman A. Anti-Immigrant Attitudes in Context: The Role of Rhetoric, Religion and Political Representation. Akademisk avhandling, Umeå: Department of Sociology, Umeå universitet. 2014. P. 1–35.
Brenner J., Fertig M. Identifying the Determinants of Attitudes towards Immigrants: A Structural Cross-Country Analysis, IZA Discussion Papers. № 2306, Institute for the Study of Labor. 2006. P. 1–33.
Campbell D. T. Ethnocentric and other altruistic motives. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln. 1965. P. 283–311.
Card D., Dustmann C., Preston I. Understanding Attitudes to Immigration: The Migration and Minority Module of the First European Social Survey [Электронный ресурс] // Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration. 2005. URL: http://davidcard.berkeley.edu/papers/euroimmig.pdf (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
Castles S., Miller M. J. The age of migration: international population movements in the modern world. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. 2003. 369 p.
Citrin J., Green D. P., Muste C., Wong C. Public opinion toward immigration reform: the role of economic motivations // Journal of Politics. 1997. Pp. 858–881.
Coenders M., Lubbers M., Scheepers P. Support for repatriation policies of migrants // International Journal of Comparative Sociology. 2008. Vol. 49. № 2–3. P. 175–194.
Coenders M., Lubbers M., Scheepers P. Majority populations attitudes towards migrants and minorities. Report 1 for the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen. 2003. P. 1–46.
Constant A. F., Kahanec M., Zimmermann K. F. Attitudes Towards Immigrants, other Integration Barriers and their Veracity // International Journal of Manpower. 2009. Vol. 30. № 1–2. P. 5–14.
Coser L. A. The functions of social conflict. Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd., London. 1956. P. 188.
Dajnoki K., Máté D., Fenyves V., Kun A. I. Deconstructing Attitudes towards Immigrant Workers among Hungarian Employees and Higher Education Students // Sustainability. 2017, Vol. 9. № 1639. P. 1–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091639.
Davidov E., Meuleman B. Explaining attitudes towards immigration policies in European countries: The role of human values // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2012. Vol. 38. № 5. P. 757–775.
Facchini G., Mayda A. From individual attitudes towards migrants to migration policy outcomes: theory and evidence // Economic Policy. 2008. Vol. 23. P. 651–713.
Facchini G., Mayda A. Does the Welfare State Affect Individual Attitudes toward Immigrants? Evidence across Countries. Review of Economics and Statistics. 2009. Vol. 91. № 2. P. 295–314.
Brenner J., Fertig M. Identifying the Determinants of Attitudes Towards Immigrants: A Structural Cross-Country Analysis [Электронный ресурс] // SSRN. 2006. URL: https://ssrn.com/ abstract=933036 (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
Gang I. N., Rivera-Batiz F. L., Yun M. Economic Strain, Ethnic Concentration and Attitudes Towards Foreigners in the European Union, IZA Discussion paper series. No. 578. Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn. 2002. P. 1–40.
Gorinas C., Pytlikova M. The Influence of Attitudes toward Immigrants on International Migration // International Migration Review, 2017. Vol. 51. Issue 2. P. 416–451.
Gorodzeisky A., Glikman A., Maskileyson D. The nature of anti-immigrant sentiment in post-socialist Russia // Post-Soviet Affairs. 2014. Vol. 31. P. 115–135.
Grigoryan L., Ponizovskiy V. The three facets of National Identity: Identity Dynamics and Attitudes toward Immigrants in Russia [Электронный ресурс] // Sage. 2018. P. 1–25. URL: https://doi. org/10.1177/0020715218806037 (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
Hainmueller J., Hiscox M. J. Educated Preferences: Explaining Individual Attitudes Toward Immigration in Europe. International Organization. 2007. Vol. 61. № 2. P. 339–442.
Heath A., Richards L. How do Europeans differ in their attitudes to immigration? [Электронный ресурс] // European Social Survey. 2016. URL: https://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/docs/about/ conference/HEATH_FORD_how-do-Europeans-differ.pdf (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
Hjerm M. Anti-immigrant attitudes and cross-municipal variation in the proportion of immigrants // Acta Sociologica, 2009. Vol. 52. № 1. P. 47–62.
Hooghe M., Trappers A., Meuleman B., Reeskens T. Migration to European countries. A structural explanation of patterns, 1980–2004 // International Migration Review. 2008. Vol. 42. № 2. P. 476–504.
Kosho J. Media Inf luence on Public Opinion Attitudes Toward the Migration Crisis // International Journal of scientific & Technology Research. 2016. Vol. 5. Issue 05. P. 86–91.
Malchow-Moeller N., Munch J. R., Schroll S., Skaksen R. J. Attitudes towards immigration: does economic self-interest matter? IZA Discussion Papers. 2006. № 2283. Р. 371–390.
Markaki Y., Longhi S. What Determines Attitudes to Immigration in European Countries? An Analysis at the Regional Level // Migration Studies. 2013. Vol. 1. № 3. P. 311–337.
Mayda A. M. Who is against Immigration? A Cross-Country Investigation of Individual Attitudes toward Immigrants // Review of Economics and Statistics. 2006. Vol. 88. № 3. P. 510–530.
Meuleman B., Davidov E., Billiet J. Changing Attitudes Toward Immigration in Europe, 2002–2007. A Dynamic Group Conflict Theory Approach // Social Science Research. 2009. Vol. 38. № 2. P. 352–365.
Muller T., Tai S. Individual Attitudes toward Migration: A Re-examination of the Evidence [Электронный ресурс] // WTO. 2010. URL: https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/gtdw_e/ wkshop10_e/tai_e.pdf (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
O’Rourke K. H., Sinnott R. The Determinants of Individual Attitudes Towards Immigration // European Journal of Political Economy. 2006. Vol. 22. № 4. P. 838–861.
OECD publishing. International Migration Outlook [Электронный ресурс] // OECD. 2016. URL: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/international-migration-outlook-2017/ trends-in-migration-flows-2016_migr_outlook-2017-table24-en#page1 (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
Olzak S. Dynamics of ethnic competition and conflict. Stanford University Libraries, Stanford. 1992. P. 288.
Ponizovskiy V. A. Values and Attitudes Towards Immigrants: Cross-cultural Differences Across 25 Countries // Психология. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2016. Т. 13. № 2. С. 256–272. DOI: 10.17323/1813-8918-2016-2-256-272.
Quillian L. Prejudice as a Response to Perceived Group Threat, Population Composition and AntiImmigrant and Racial Prejudice in Europe // American Sociological Review. 1995. № 4. P. 586–611.
Ramos A., Pereira C., Vala J. Economic crisis, human values and attitudes towards immigration // Values, economic crisis and democracy, Abingdon: Routledge. 2016. P. 1–137.
Rustenbach E. Sources of negative attitudes toward immigrants in Europe: A multi-level analysis. International Migration Review. 2010. Vol. 44. № 1. P. 53–77.
Sagiv L., Schwartz S. H. Value priorities and readiness for out-group social contact. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1995. Vol. 69. No 3. P. 437–448.
Scheepers P., Gijsberts M., Coenders M. Ethnic Exclusionism in European Countries. Public Opposition to Civil Rights for Legal Migrants as a Response to Perceived Ethnic Threat // European Sociological Review. 2002. Vol. 18. № 1. P. 17–34.
Scheve K. F., Slaughter M. J. Labor Market Competition and Individual Preferences over Immigration Policy // Review of Economics and Statistics. 2001. Vol. 83. № 1. P. 133–145.
Schneider S. L. Anti-immigrant attitudes in Europe: Outgroup size and perceived ethnic threat // European Sociological Review. 2008. Vol. 24. № 1. P. 53–67.
Schwartz S. H., Bilsky W. Toward a Theory of the Universal Content and Structure of Values: Extensions and Cross-Cultural Replications // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1990. Vol. 58. P. 878–891.
Semyonov M., Raijman R., Gorodzeisky A. The Rise of Anti- Foreigner Sentiment in European Societies, 1988–2000 // American Sociological Review. 2006. Vol. 71. № 3. P. 426–449.
Semyonov M., Raijman R., Gorodzeisky A. Foreigners’ impact on European societies // International Journal of Comparative Sociology. 2008. Vol. 49. № 1. P. 5–20.
Sides J., Citrin J. European opinion about immigration: The role of identities, interests and information // British Journal of Political Science. 2007. Vol. 37. № 3. P. 477–504.
Slotte N. Political Influence and Anti-Immigrant Attitudes [Электронный ресурс] // Gupea. 2015. URL: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/41187/1/gupea_2077_41187_1.pdf (дата обращения: 06.12.2018).
Strabac Z., Listhaug O. Anti-Muslim prejudice in Europe: a multi-level analysis of survey data from 30 countries // Social Science Research. 2008. Vol. 37. P. 268–286.
Turner T. Why are Irish Attitudes to Immigrants among the Most Liberal in Europe? // European Societies. 2010. Vol. 12. № 1. P. 25–44.
Voicu M., Mochmann I. C., Dulmer H. Values: Economic Crisis and Democracy. Oxford and New York: Routledge. 2016. 318 p.
Форматы цитирования
Другие форматы цитирования:
Harvard
Мастикова, Н. С. (2019) ’Динамика отношения к миграции в России (по данным Европейского социального исследования за 2006–2016 гг.)’, Социологическая наука и социальная практика, 7(2), сс. 99-116. doi: https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.2.6412.
Раздел
ЭТНОСОЦИОЛОГИЯ
