Активная политика занятости в отношении лиц с инвалидностью
Научная статья
Для цитирования
Кулагина Е. В. Активная политика занятости в отношении лиц с инвалидностью. — Социологическая наука и социальная практика, 2023. Т. 11. № 4. С. 78-111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.4. EDN: HRCKWN
Аннотация
В статье рассматривается активная политика занятости в отношении лиц с инвалидностью трудоспособного возраста, обеспечивающая переход от социального обеспечения к труду в государствах благосостояния. На основе данных международных исследований и статистики ЕС раскрыты причины такого перехода, цели и принципы активной политики занятости в государствах благосостояния социально-демократических, консервативно-корпоративистских и неолиберальных моделей. Представлены критерии и способы оценки трудоспособности для разграничения лиц с инвалидностью и безработных и последующего распределения между программами с временными или постоянными видами помощи. Показаны маршруты выхода на рынок труда, ориентированные на инсайдеров – лиц с сохранной или временно нарушенной трудоспособностью – и аутсайдеров – лиц с инвалидностью, имеющих низкие шансы на трудоустройство. Отражены социально-демографические характеристики лиц с инвалидностью, влияющие на их производительность и трудоспособность и обусловливающие их потребности в избирательных мерах помощи. Изучены и раскрыты принципы «наступательной» и «оборонительной» активной политики занятости в отношении этой категории граждан, повышающие вероятность трудоустройства и удержания на рынке труда: обязательства государства, работодателей и лиц с инвалидностью, а также меры поощрения и наказания. Показаны объёмы государственных средств, выделяемых на политику занятости, основные направления в системе классификации расходов: услуги, активные и пассивные меры. Раскрыта структура расходов и назначение каждого вида активных мер занятости в отношении лиц с инвалидностью: создание рабочих мест и стартапов; защищённая и поддерживаемая занятость, реабилитация, стимулирование занятости, обучение. Выявлены приоритеты активных мер в отношении лиц с инвалидностью и работодателей, содействующие трудоустройству и закреплению на рынке труда в государствах благосостояния разных моделей. Проанализированы тенденции развития активной политики за последнее десятилетие, стратегии повышения её эффективности, приоритеты пассивных и активных мер в период ухудшения экономического климата. Показаны результаты влияния активной политики на занятость лиц с инвалидностью с умеренными и тяжёлыми нарушениями, а также изменения в доступности социального обеспечения по инвалидности и безработице в процессе перехода от социального обеспечения к труду.
Ключевые слова:
государства благосостояния, новая социальная политика, переход от социального обеспечения к труду, активная политика занятости в отношении инвалидов, инвалидность, разрыв занятости лиц с инвалидностью
Литература
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19. Parker H. S., Owen R., Gould R. Parity of participation in liberal welfare states: human rights, neoliberalism, disability and Employment. Disability & Society. 2012;27(6):823–836. DOI 10.1080/09687599.2012.679022.
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Статья
Поступила: 01.09.2023
Опубликована: 25.12.2023
Форматы цитирования
Другие форматы цитирования:
Harvard
Кулагина, Е. В. (2023) ’Активная политика занятости в отношении лиц с инвалидностью’, Социологическая наука и социальная практика, 11(4), сс. 78-111. doi: https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.4.
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